Inflammation of the prostate, or prostatitis, can be acute or chronic. Most often, organ damage is caused by a specific or nonspecific infection, sometimes pathological changes develop as a result of congestion in the small pelvis. The main symptoms are urinary disorders and decreased potency. Treatment should be comprehensive and include the use of medication and normalization of blood flow to the pelvic organs in men.
Classification and characteristics of prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate in men is a pathology that significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and provokes a number of serious complications from both the urinary and genital areas.
Prostatitis can be acute and chronic along the course. The latter can occur on its own (this happens more often) or is the result of an acute untreated process.
Classify prostate inflammation as follows:
- The first category, or acute bacterial prostatitis.
- The second is chronic bacterial inflammation.
- Third, or chronic abacterial prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). Divided into 3A - inflammatory and 3B - non-inflammatory.
- The fourth is asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate gland.
The first and second categories are defined for patients with a positive bacteriological study. The difference is that the first is diagnosed when the symptoms last no more than 3 months. With a longer presence of clinical manifestations, chronic bacterial prostatitis is diagnosed.
The third category is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome, as the main complaint of patients is pain for at least 3 months. When examining the secretions (ejaculation, urine, secretion of the gland after massage), pathological microflora is not detected. In the case of an increase in the number of leukocytes in these tests, inflammatory prostatitis is established (category 3A), with their normal content - non-inflammatory.
In most men, one of the above categories is identified, as patients seek help due to the presence of some symptoms of pathology.
Recently, doctors have identified the fourth subtype of the disease - asymptomatic prostatitis. It is diagnosed accidentally during medical examinations or when a person is being examined for other diseases of the genitourinary system. The danger of this form lies in the fact that there are pathological changes in the prostate gland, but the disease does not show any subjective signs. This condition often leads to the development of infertility.
Why there is a burning sensation in the urethra in men
Reasons
Acute inflammation of the prostate in men occurs in 70% of cases due to E. coli infection.In other situations, the pathology is caused by enterobacteriaceae such as pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus. Staphylococci and streptococci are much less common.
Of the specific infections, gonorrhea neisseria and trichomonas vaginalis can cause acute prostate.
Contributing factors are:
- Performing various surgical interventions on the male genitourinary organs.
- Narrowing of the urethra as a result of chronic and acute inflammatory processes in the urethra.
- Perform diagnostic procedures - cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.
- Violation of urination as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Activation of opportunistic microflora (enterobacteriaceae) in pathogens under the influence of reduced immunity and other diseases of the body.
- Irregular sex life, which leads to stagnation of secretions in the prostate gland.
Chronic Inflammation
If chronic prostatitis appears as a continuation of an acute process, then its cause will be the same. In the case of this form of the disease, the main predisposing factors are mainly:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Clostridium.
- Gonorrhea and Trichomonas (can immediately cause a chronic form without an acute period). Salmonella.
- Different types of mushrooms.
In the mechanism of occurrence of pathology, an important role plays a phenomenon such as intraprostatic reflux - the reflux of urine through the excretory ducts into the prostate gland. As a result of this process, the infection can easily enter the organ, multiply and cause inflammation. Increase the reflux:
- phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin);
- narrowing of the urethral lumen;
- balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin);
- blockage of the urethra with stone in urolithiasis.
Reflux and irregular sexual activity increase stagnant processes in the prostate, leading to active reproduction of microorganisms, intensification and spread of inflammationAs a result, areas of fibrosis can occur and formof normal tissue with dense dysfunctional connective tissue) prostatic calculi. All this increases the pathological process and leads to serious consequences.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is synonymous with this disease and occurs without the presence of any microorganisms in the secretions detected by standard microbiological methods.
There are several theories of the occurrence of pathology:
- infectious;
- chemical inflammation;
- imune.
In general, with CPPS, the genetic material of the following bacteria is found:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum).
- Mycoplasma hominis. Chlamydia trachomatis. Trichomonas vaginalis.
The theory of chemical inflammation attributes CPPS to intraprostatic reflux, but in this case, the cause is not the bacteria, but the urine itself. Once in the prostate, it causes damage to cell structures and an inflammatory response.
According to immune theory, pathology occurs as a result of autoimmune processes or as a result of the immune response to the entry of a foreign antigen into an organ.
In most cases, CPPS is caused not only by one, but by their complex effect.
The provocative factor of asymptomatic prostatitis can be anyone who can cause the above categories, the only difference lies in the course of this form of the disease.
Symptoms
Acute bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland is characterized by the appearance of general and local symptoms.
Severe pain in the suprapubic region and perineum, as well as impaired urination until it is completely stopped, come first. Of the general symptoms patients are concerned about body aches, sweating, chills, fever, weakness.
Sometimes the pain occurs only during bowel movements or in a sitting position. In some atypical cases, fever is the only sign of the disease.
With severe prostate edema, acute urinary retention occurs. This is due to the fact that the organ with its increased size squeezes the urethra and forms a mechanical barrier to the exit of the contents of the bladder. At the same time, the general condition of the patient is deteriorating significantly: the signs of intoxication are increasing every hour, and in severe cases, a disturbance of consciousness and even coma may occur.
Manifestations of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate Manifestations of this form of the disease are varied and range from a complete absence of symptoms to a sharp deterioration of the process.In case of late diagnosis, complications such as the formation of a prostate abscess (suppuration) with further penetration of pus into the urethra or rectum may occur. As a result, fistulas form, which require surgical intervention and reconstructive surgery.
In most cases, patients worry about pain in the perineum and rectum of varying intensity, which can spread to the scrotum, sacrum, penis and thigh. Sometimes the pain syndrome becomes paroxysmal, reminiscent of neuralgia.
Urethral discomfort and frequent urination are also noted. Discharge from the urethra is sometimes determined. They worsen during the day after walking, exercising, bowel movements or prostate massage.
There is a feeling of heaviness, pressure, fullness in the rectum and perineum. These symptoms are worse after prolonged sitting. This form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of inflammatory processes in the urinary system, caused by the same microflora - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of abacterial prostatitis
CPPS is characterized by a clinical picture of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate.Patients suffer from pelvic and perineal pain for more than 3 months, and the results of the bacteriological examination are negative.There are different types of urinary disorders:
- frequent urination;
- difficulty urinating (slow flow, need for extra effort);
- pain when passing urine.
Sometimes there are sexual dysfunctions - decreased libido, impotence.General symptoms often appear in the form of weakness, headache.
Medication treatment
The mainstay of therapy is antibiotics. In a chronic process, drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones are indicated. For acute prostatitis, beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics are prescribed.Treatment is performed in 2 stages:
- Empirical therapy is prescribed at the beginning (before harvest). For this, third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used.
- In the second stage, the treatment is corrected according to the bacteriological data obtained and the results for susceptibility to antibacterial agents.
These groups of antibiotics are chosen because they penetrate the hematoprostatic barrier and create a high concentration of the active substance in the prostate gland. This allows you to eliminate the focus of the infection. For bacterial prostatitis, antimicrobial therapy is also prescribed, which is necessary for 2 reasons:
- Antibiotics significantly alleviate the condition of patients.
- There is a high probability of the presence of microorganisms in secretions that are difficult to detect by laboratory methods in the prostate.
The antibiotic regimen for chronic pelvic pain syndrome is as follows:
A fluoroquinolone or Doxycycline medicine is prescribed for 2 weeks.Treat patients with asymptomatic prostate for the following indications:
- infertility;
- before undergoing prostate surgery as prophylaxis;
- when identifying pathogenic microorganisms in secretions;
- with an increased level of antiprostatic antibodies in the blood and positive microbiological tests.
Other tools
For prostatitis, drugs from the alpha-blocker group are prescribed. These agents increase the maximum and average rate of urine flow, reduce the tone in the urethral wall, and eliminate incomplete opening of the bladder neck during emptying. These effects eliminate phenomena such as:
Frequent and painful urination;- reducing aircraft flow;
- need for extra effort to excrete urine.
Typical representatives are Alfuzos, Tamsulos and Doxazos, they are especially important in chronic forms of the disease.The course of treatment for these drugs is at least 3 months.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as symptomatic therapy. They reduce inflammation, edema and reduce pain. Used drugs such as Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide and others. The duration of treatment with these agents should not exceed 4 weeks. These drugs are taken strictly after eating, as they irritate the stomach wall.
In addition to pills, topical treatment is also used. For this purpose, patients prescribe such drugs in suppositories as Vitaprost, Prostatilen, Uroprost, etc. They are also indicated for prostate adenoma.
Herbal medicines
Dwarf palm fruit extract is widely used in traditional medicine. The active substances reduce inflammation, edema and have a vasoprotective effect (strengthen the vascular wall).
African plum tree bark has similar effects.
Prostatilen has a natural origin. It is made from the prostate gland of cattle. Has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the phenomenon of prostate adenoma.
Folk remedies
Prostatitis can be treated with folk remedies. First of all in terms of effectiveness - the use of pumpkin seed oil. You can buy this product at the pharmacy. Take it for 1 tbsp. l3 times a day, the course of treatment is 3-4 months.As a prophylaxis of prostate diseases, all men can take 30 pumpkin seeds before meals once a day. You should get them raw, as after baking, the healing properties are lost.
Pumpkin seeds prepared according to the following recipe can be used for treatment:
- 0. 5 kg of peeled seeds are ground in a meat grinder or blender.
- Add to them 200 g of honey and mix everything until smooth.
- Formon ball 2-3 cm.
Store them in the refrigerator, take a portion 30 minutes before eating. This product should be chewed for 2-3 minutes and digested, not swallowed. The course of treatment is 6 months.
An infusion of the leaves or a decoction of hazelnut bark has a healing effect on the prostate. To prepare the first medicine, you need to take 1 tbsp. dried leaves and rinse in a glass of boiling water. You need to insist it for 30 minutes and take 1/4 of the resulting solution 4 times a day. For a decoction from the bark, 1 tbsp. pour 200 ml of crushed raw material and cook in a water bath for 30 minutes. After that, the medicine should be cooled and taken 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
Parsley greens have a healing effect on the prostate. It has anti-inflammatory effects and helps restore sexual activity. In this case, parsley juice is used. To do this, the greens are crushed into a sharp state and squeeze the juice from it through the folded cookie cloth 3-4 times. Take it for 1 tbsp. l3 times a day.
Treat prostatitis at home and with herbs. One of them is wormwood. It allows you to relieve inflammation and cleanse the body of pathogens. Take dry in the first 3 days - absorbed in the mouth every 2-3 hours. The next four days reduce the number of receptions to 5. Every day, at night, microclysters are made from grass.
For this you need to prepare an infusion: 1 tbsp. you need to take 1 liter of water. The composition should be boiled and allowed to cool to +40 degrees. After that, the solution should be filtered. It is necessary to make injections into the anus (100 ml) as well as into the urethra (50 ml). Procedures should be completed within a week. They are shown in a chronic process.During washing and microclickers, pus release is possible - this is a normal phenomenon, which shows the effectiveness of the treatment.
Conclusion
In combination with the main methods of treating the disease, physiotherapy, prostate massage and organ acupuncture are used.
Living with chronic prostatitis means undergoing regular examination and comprehensive therapy, as there is a high probability of losing reproductive function.